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Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA), Terrorism and Global Peace

Picture of Dr Amir Ullah Khan

Dr Amir Ullah Khan

Analysis Series

Analysis/0062/August/2026/London-Dialogue. 07 August 2026

Author: Dr. Amir Ullah Khan

 

Introduction

Afghanistan has always remained a land of persistent warfare. The Afghans never bothered to focus on social development and on their welfare. The demography of Afghanistan reflects that it is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-cultural, and sectarian-based society wherein Pashtuns constitute the bulk of society. Political instability due to their mutual communal conflicts has always led to frequent changes in various regimes that also affected the social and economic sectors of Afghan society. In the post-Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, the tug-of-war among different factions of ethnic-based militants led to the emergence of the Taliban (students of religious seminaries), who ruled for a short while and ended with the occurrence of the 9/11 incident. In the post-9/11 era, the global community united against the militants-led regime in Afghanistan and overthrew it with an interim government led by Karzai. Later on, Ashraf Ghani’s regime ruled the land. However, the Afghan government, America, and the allied forces surrendered before these radical elements and left the country and its people at the mercy of these militants. These militants, under the umbrella of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA), established their rule. Ironically, IEA is sponsoring regional and global terrorism. It provides logistical, financial, and training assistance to these groups.

Afghanistan: The Hub of Militant Groups

The IEA has a cosmetic Islamic cloak around itself, and in reality, it has nothing to do with Islam and its teachings. The people of Afghanistan have a long history of warfare. The role of global powers in creating militant groups in Afghanistan cannot be overlooked. In addition, the settlement of Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan and its collusion with local Afghan Taliban further exacerbated security dynamics in the region and world. The FDD’s Long War Journal reported the various safe havens of TTP (Khawarij) as spotlighted in Map-1.

Map-1

Courtesy: FDD’s Long War Journal, Feb 13, 2025

Similarly, the UN Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team in its 1267 Report on Afghanistan published on 13th February 2025 stated that the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and the Tajik extremist group Jamaat Ansarullah (JA) established training camps in Afghanistan with the support of al-Qaeda and the Taliban. JA emerged in Tajikistan in 2006 as an offshoot of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) that aims to introduce an Islamic regime in Dushanbe. In addition, the Haqqani Network also has strong footholds in Afghanistan.  

IEA as a violator of Global Anti-Terrorism Law

The IEA and other splinter militant groups are imminent existential security threats to Pakistan, regional neighbouring countries, and global security. This is reflected in the following regional and international legal instruments, wherein it is involved in violations by supporting a terrorist organisation. The IEA is engaged in a sheer violation of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) by sheltering Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan in Afghanistan. On 29th July 2011, the UNSC, in its Resolution 1989 (2011), declared Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) a proscribed organisation and its association with Al-Qaeda.

Islamic Emirates of Afghanistan as a violator of the Charter of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

IEA is also violating the core values of the Charter of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). According to Article 1 of the SCO, the member states shall help each other in the development of multifaceted cooperation in the maintenance and strengthening of peace, security, and stability in the region and the promotion of a new democratic, fair, and rational political and economic international order. In addition, they will help combat terrorism, separatism, and extremism in all their manifestations. Moreover, they will also fight against illicit narcotics and arms trafficking and other types of transnational criminal activity and also illegal migration.

The Rise of Dissident Militant Groups Against IEA

In addition, dissident groups will also rise against the IEA. It is evident from the recent rise of Sepahiyan-e Mihan (Homeland Soldiers Front), led by Qayyum Malang, that it launched an attack on the Yaftali Sufla district. Likewise, the Afghan Freedom Front (AFF), led by former Afghan Armed Forces Chief of General Staff Yasin Zia and Ahmad Massoud’s National Resistance Front have also become active against the IEA regime. This alarming growing trend will not only destabilise Afghanistan but also turn it into a land of conflicts.

Need for a Response from the Regional and Global Community

By keeping in view, the current security dynamics in Afghanistan, the major powers and world community must take cognisance of the policies of the IEA that are detrimental to global peace and security. First, regional powers like Russia and China must refrain from signing any military pact with the IEA because it has already inherited from America and that is used against Pakistan and its security forces (civil and military). Moreover, any investment in Afghanistan’s social and economic sectors is also risky. Second, regional powers should also influence it to comply with the SCO Charter. Third, the European Union should also exercise its influence on the IEA, as the female education therein is at stake. Fourth, the USA needs to stop its financial assistance to the IEA because the former financially sponsors the other terrorist organisations. Fifth, the global community needs to constitute a Monitoring Committee to monitor the activities of the IEA, whether these are compatible with international laws and democratic values or not.

IEA Needs a Holistic Policy Approach

In summary, the IEA has repeated its past strategic mistakes, transforming Afghanistan into a hub for terrorists. It has failed to serve its own people domestically, while regionally, it supports terrorism against neighbours like Pakistan. On the global stage, its stance on anti-terror laws is apathetic. The IEA must comprehensively reassess its policies; otherwise, Afghanistan risks further international isolation. Such neglect could worsen poverty and trigger a humanitarian crisis, which is deeply concerning and tragic.

Picture of Dr Amir Ullah Khan

Dr Amir Ullah Khan